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<title>Entendendo DJANGO</title> |
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<meta name="author" content="Hakim El Hattab"> |
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</head> |
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<body> |
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<div class="reveal"> |
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<div class="slides"> |
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<section data-background='_images/django-allauth.png'> |
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<h1 class='semi-opaque'>Entendendo Django</h1> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2>Agenda</h2> |
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<ul> |
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<li>Entendendo Projeto</li> |
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<li>Entendendo Apps</li> |
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<li>Adicionando Apps no Projeto</li> |
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</ul> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2>Projeto</h2> |
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<p>"Projeto" é como Django chama a base do sistema.</p> |
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<p>Criado com <code>django-admin startproject [PROJECT]</code>.</p> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2>Projeto: startproject</h2> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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. |
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├── exemplo |
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│ ├── __init__.py |
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│ ├── settings.py |
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│ ├── urls.py |
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│ └── wsgi.py |
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└── manage.py |
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</code></pre> |
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<p> |
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<code>manage.py</code> vira o gerenciador do projeto. |
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</p> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2> |
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<small>Projeto ></small> |
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App |
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</h2> |
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<p> |
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Dentro do projeto, para criar um app: |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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<code>python manage.py startapp [app]</code> |
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</p> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2> |
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<small>Projeto ></small> |
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App |
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</h2> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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. |
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├── exemplo |
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│ ├── __init__.py |
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│ ├── __init__.pyc |
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│ ├── settings.py |
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│ ├── settings.pyc |
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│ ├── urls.py |
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│ └── wsgi.py |
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├── manage.py |
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└── products |
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├── admin.py |
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├── __init__.py |
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├── migrations |
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│ └── __init__.py |
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├── models.py |
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├── tests.py |
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└── views.py |
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</code></pre> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2> |
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<small>Projeto > App ></small> |
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models.py |
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</h2> |
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<p>Definição do banco de dados para o app.</p> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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class Product(models.Model): |
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"""Product information""" |
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name = models.CharField(max_length=40) |
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</code></pre> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2> |
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<small>Projeto > App ></small> |
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admin.py |
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</h2> |
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<p>Definição do admin (ou não) dos models.</p> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): |
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pass |
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admin.site.register(Product, ProductAdmin) |
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</code></pre> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2> |
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<small>Projeto > App ></small> |
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forms.py |
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</h2> |
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<p>Definição de formulários/formulários baseados em models.</p> |
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<pre><code class='hljs'> |
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class ProductForm(forms.Form): |
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name = forms.CharField(label='Your name', max_length=40) |
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</code></pre> |
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<pre><code class="hljs py"> |
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class ProductForm(ModelForm): |
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class Meta: |
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model = Product |
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</code></pre> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2> |
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<small>Projeto > App ></small> |
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views.py |
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</h2> |
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<p>Views do app.</p> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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def get_product(request, product_id): |
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if request.method == 'GET': |
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product = get_object_or_404(Product, pk=product_id) |
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return render(request, |
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'product_info.html', |
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{'product': product}) |
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else: |
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return render(request, |
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'invalid.html', |
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{'reason': 'Can\'t create products yet'}) |
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</code></pre> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2> |
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<small>Projeto > App ></small> |
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templates/product_info.html |
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</h2> |
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<p>Na verdade, todos os templates <i>da app</i> ficam em |
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<code>templates</code>.</p> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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{% extends 'base.html' %} |
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<ul> |
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<li>Product name: {{ product.name }}</li> |
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</ul> |
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</code></pre> |
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<p>O <code>base.html</code> pode estar no <code>templates</code> |
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do projeto.</p> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2> |
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<small>Projeto > App ></small> |
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urls.py |
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</h2> |
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<p>URLs internas do app.</p> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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from . import views |
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urlpatterns = [ |
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url(r'^(?P<product_id>[0-9]+)/$', views.get_product, name='get'), |
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] |
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</code></pre> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2>App completa!</h2> |
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<p>... só que o Django ainda não sabe que ela existe.</p> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2> |
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<small>Projeto ></small> |
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settings.py |
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</h2> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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[...] |
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INSTALLED_APPS = ( |
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[...] |
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'products', |
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[...] |
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) |
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</code></pre> |
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<p>Agora o Django sabe que a App existe!</p> |
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<p class="fragment">Só não sabe como chegar lá porque faltam as URLs.</p> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2> |
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<small>Projeto ></small> |
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urls.py |
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</h2> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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[...] |
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urlpatterns = [ |
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[...] |
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url(r'/products', include('products')), |
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[...] |
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] |
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</code></pre> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<p>Agora funciona como esperado:</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li>Request de um browser chega no Django;</li> |
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<li>Consulta o urls.py base do projeto para encontrar o |
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que será executado;</li> |
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<li>Consulta o urls.py da app (no caso) para encontrar |
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a view que será executada;</li> |
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<li>Encontra a view dentro da app, que busca as informações no model;</li> |
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<li>Renderiza o template;</li> |
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<li>Retorna o template renderizado para o usuário.</li> |
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</ul> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<img src="_images/goodgood-but-we-must-go-deeper.jpg" alt="Go deeper"/> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2>Relationships</h2> |
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<p>Projeto > App > models.py</p> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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class Product(models.Model): |
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"""Product information""" |
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name = models.CharField(max_length=40) |
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price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2) |
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class Order(models.Model): |
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"""An order.""" |
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products = models.ManyToManyField(Product) |
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</code></pre> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2>Inserts</h2> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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product = Product(name='fruit') |
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order = Order() |
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order.products.add(product) |
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product.save() |
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order.save() |
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</code></pre> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2>Queries</h2> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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all_products = Product.objects.all() |
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</code></pre> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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fruit = Product.objects.get(pk=1) |
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fruit = Product.objects.get(name='fruit') |
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</code></pre> |
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<pre><code class="hljs"> |
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all_fruits = Order.objects.filter(products__name__like='fruit') |
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</code></pre> |
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</section> |
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<section> |
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<h2>Queries</h2> |
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<p><code>get</code> só pode retornar <strong>um</strong> elemento.</p> |
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<p><code>pk</code> é uma variável mágica que aponta para o campo marcado |
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como <code>primary_key=True</code>; se não houver um <code>primary_key</code>, |
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o Django cria um <code>IntegerField(auto_increment=True)</code>.</p> |
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</section> |
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