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Django (mostly)

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Julio Biason 9 years ago
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Entendendo DJANGO</title>
<meta name="description" content="A framework for easily creating beautiful presentations using HTML">
<meta name="author" content="Hakim El Hattab">
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</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section data-background='_images/django-allauth.png'>
<h1 class='semi-opaque'>Entendendo Django</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Agenda</h2>
<ul>
<li>Entendendo Projeto</li>
<li>Entendendo Apps</li>
<li>Adicionando Apps no Projeto</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Projeto</h2>
<p>"Projeto" é como Django chama a base do sistema.</p>
<p>Criado com <code>django-admin startproject [PROJECT]</code>.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Projeto: startproject</h2>
<pre><code class="hljs">
.
├── exemplo
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py
</code></pre>
<p>
<code>manage.py</code> vira o gerenciador do projeto.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<small>Projeto &gt;</small>
App
</h2>
<p>
Dentro do projeto, para criar um app:
</p>
<p>
<code>python manage.py startapp [app]</code>
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<small>Projeto &gt;</small>
App
</h2>
<pre><code class="hljs">
.
├── exemplo
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── __init__.pyc
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── settings.pyc
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
├── manage.py
└── products
├── admin.py
├── __init__.py
├── migrations
│   └── __init__.py
├── models.py
├── tests.py
└── views.py
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<small>Projeto &gt; App &gt;</small>
models.py
</h2>
<p>Definição do banco de dados para o app.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">
class Product(models.Model):
"""Product information"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=40)
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<small>Projeto &gt; App &gt;</small>
admin.py
</h2>
<p>Definição do admin (ou não) dos models.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">
class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
pass
admin.site.register(Product, ProductAdmin)
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<small>Projeto &gt; App &gt;</small>
forms.py
</h2>
<p>Definição de formulários/formulários baseados em models.</p>
<pre><code class='hljs'>
class ProductForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(label='Your name', max_length=40)
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="hljs py">
class ProductForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Product
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<small>Projeto &gt; App &gt;</small>
views.py
</h2>
<p>Views do app.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">
def get_product(request, product_id):
if request.method == 'GET':
product = get_object_or_404(Product, pk=product_id)
return render(request,
'product_info.html',
{'product': product})
else:
return render(request,
'invalid.html',
{'reason': 'Can\'t create products yet'})
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<small>Projeto &gt; App &gt;</small>
templates/product_info.html
</h2>
<p>Na verdade, todos os templates <i>da app</i> ficam em
<code>templates</code>.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">
{% extends 'base.html' %}
<ul>
<li>Product name: {{ product.name }}</li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
<p>O <code>base.html</code> pode estar no <code>templates</code>
do projeto.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<small>Projeto &gt; App &gt;</small>
urls.py
</h2>
<p>URLs internas do app.</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^(?P&lt;product_id&gt;[0-9]+)/$', views.get_product, name='get'),
]
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>App completa!</h2>
<p>... só que o Django ainda não sabe que ela existe.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<small>Projeto &gt;</small>
settings.py
</h2>
<pre><code class="hljs">
[...]
INSTALLED_APPS = (
[...]
'products',
[...]
)
</code></pre>
<p>Agora o Django sabe que a App existe!</p>
<p class="fragment">Só não sabe como chegar lá porque faltam as URLs.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<small>Projeto &gt;</small>
urls.py
</h2>
<pre><code class="hljs">
[...]
urlpatterns = [
[...]
url(r'/products', include('products')),
[...]
]
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<p>Agora funciona como esperado:</p>
<ul>
<li>Request de um browser chega no Django;</li>
<li>Consulta o urls.py base do projeto para encontrar o
que será executado;</li>
<li>Consulta o urls.py da app (no caso) para encontrar
a view que será executada;</li>
<li>Encontra a view dentro da app, que busca as informações no model;</li>
<li>Renderiza o template;</li>
<li>Retorna o template renderizado para o usuário.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<img src="_images/goodgood-but-we-must-go-deeper.jpg" alt="Go deeper"/>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Relationships</h2>
<p>Projeto &gt; App &gt; models.py</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">
class Product(models.Model):
"""Product information"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=40)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2)
class Order(models.Model):
"""An order."""
products = models.ManyToManyField(Product)
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Inserts</h2>
<pre><code class="hljs">
product = Product(name='fruit')
order = Order()
order.products.add(product)
product.save()
order.save()
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Queries</h2>
<pre><code class="hljs">
all_products = Product.objects.all()
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="hljs">
fruit = Product.objects.get(pk=1)
fruit = Product.objects.get(name='fruit')
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="hljs">
all_fruits = Order.objects.filter(products__name__like='fruit')
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Queries</h2>
<p><code>get</code> só pode retornar <strong>um</strong> elemento.</p>
<p><code>pk</code> é uma variável mágica que aponta para o campo marcado
como <code>primary_key=True</code>; se não houver um <code>primary_key</code>,
o Django cria um <code>IntegerField(auto_increment=True)</code>.</p>
</section>
</div>
</div>
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<div class='thumb' style='background-image:url("_images/tdc-logo-post.png")'></div>
TDC Agile
</a></li>
<li><a href="django.html">
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Ententendo Django
</a></li>
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